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Calculators/Science/Biology

Biology calculators

Population genetics, enzyme kinetics, growth curves, dosing and lab concentration formulas for students, researchers and animal keepers.

Hardy–Weinberg equilibriumExpected genotype frequencies in a non-evolving population from allele frequency.DNA/RNA concentration from A₂₆₀Nucleic acid concentration from a spectrophotometer absorbance reading.Log reduction (microbial kill)How many orders of magnitude a treatment reduces a microbial count.Michaelis–Menten kineticsEnzyme reaction rate at a given substrate concentration.Bacterial/cell growth (doubling time)Population size after exponential growth at a fixed doubling time.Q₁₀ temperature coefficientHow much a biological or chemical rate changes per 10 °C rise.Plant water potentialTotal water potential from solute and pressure potential in a plant cell.Can Cats Eat ChocolateTheobromine dose from chocolate eaten, checked against published toxicity thresholds for cats.Onion Toxicity in Dogs CalculatorEstimated onion dose per kg of body weight, checked against published toxicity thresholds.Adult dog weight predictorRough adult weight estimate for a medium or large breed puppy, from its weight at 14-16 weeks.Cattle per Acre CalculatorEstimated stocking density: cattle a given acreage can support, or acres needed per head, from your own assumption.Allele frequency from genotype countsDirect-count allele frequencies for a two-allele gene from observed genotype numbers in a sample.Multi-gene cross probabilityProbability of a given number of recessive traits among offspring of a multi-gene cross.DNA copy number from concentrationDNA or RNA molecules per microlitre from concentration and fragment length.PCR primer melting temperature (Tm)Estimated primer melting temperature from base composition (Wallace/Marmur-Doty).qPCR amplification efficiencyPCR amplification efficiency from the slope of a standard curve (log₁₀ starting quantity vs. Ct).Vapor pressure deficit (VPD)Gap between saturation and actual vapor pressure, the driving force for plant transpiration.Monohybrid Punnett Square CalculatorGenotype and phenotype ratios from a single-gene cross, the classic monohybrid Punnett square.Dog Body Condition CalculatorEstimate a dog's body condition score from rib, waist and abdomen checks, a standard vet screening guide.Daily light integral (DLI)Total photosynthetic light a plant receives per day, from light intensity and photoperiod.Mutation frequencyFraction of a tested population carrying a mutation, reported per cell or organism tested.Growing degree units (GDU)Accumulated heat units driving crop development, from daily high/low temperature and a base.Ligation molar ratio (insert:vector)Insert mass needed for a target insert-to-vector molar ratio in a DNA cloning ligation.Cricket chirp thermometerEstimate air temperature from a cricket’s chirp rate using Dolbear’s law.PCR annealing temperature (Ta)Optimal PCR annealing temperature from primer and product melting temperatures.Feed conversion ratio (FCR)Efficiency of converting feed into body weight gain for livestock or aquaculture.Corn yield estimatorEstimated corn yield in bushels per acre using the ear-count yield component method.Acres per hourField work rate from implement width and travel speed, accounting for overlap.Dry matter basis conversionConverts an as-fed nutrient percentage to a dry-matter basis using moisture content.DNA to mRNA transcriptionmRNA transcript from a DNA template strand using base-pairing rules.Tree height (clinometer method)Tree height from the angle to its top and your distance from it.Tree diameter at breast height (DBH)Trunk diameter and cross-sectional area from a measured circumference.Grain bin storage capacityBushel capacity of a cylindrical grain bin from its dimensions.Fertilizer application rateProduct needed to hit a target nutrient rate given the label percentage.Dihybrid cross ratiosGenotype and phenotype ratios from a cross of two heterozygous two-gene parents.Swine gestation (farrowing date)Expected farrowing date from the breeding date, using the average 114-day sow gestation.Water-soluble fertilizer dosingFertilizer weight needed to reach a target nutrient concentration in a given volume of water.

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